Kidney Infection – What Causes Kidney Infection?
Corwin Brown asked:
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys. If not treated properly, kidney infection can permanently damage your kidneys or spread to your bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection. Prompt medical attention is required.
The kidneys are an important component of the urinary system. These organs process blood; filter out waste; and flush out waste as urine, which travels to the bladder through tubes called ureters and is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The kidneys also keep certain chemicals balanced and produce hormones that help maintain blood pressure, red blood cell count, and healthy bones.
Chronic glomerulonephritis is a slowly progressive disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which results in sclerosis, scarring and, eventually, renal failure. This disorder usually develops insidiously and without symptoms, often over many years.
Causes of kidney infection
The pain caused by kidney stones occurs when a stone becomes lodged in the ureter, the slender tube that connects the kidney with the bladder. Urine flow is then blocked, which causes urine to back up into the kidney. The kidney then swells and enlarges, stretching the pain-sensitive capsule, or thin covering around it.
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of one or both kidneys with variable manifestations. It may be acute, relapsing or chronic. The complications of this disorder are hypertension, chronic infection, renal insufficiency and renal failure. The course is extremely variable but typically the chronic disease progresses extremely slowly, with patients having adequate renal function for more than 20 years after onset.
Kidney infection typically occurs when bacteria enter your urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply. Bacteria from an infection elsewhere in your body also can spread through your bloodstream to your kidneys. Kidney infection is unusual through this route, but it can occur in some circumstances — for instance, when a foreign body, such as an artificial joint or heart valve, gets infected. Rarely, kidney infection results after kidney surgery.
Most kidney infections develop as a complication from cystitis (bladder infection). Bacteria causing cystitis sometimes travel up to infect a kidney. The bacteria are usually those which live in your bowel. They sometimes travel from the anus, up the urethra into the bladder, and cause infection. (Note: cystitis is common, and most people with cystitis do not develop a kidney infection.)
Strep infection is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis can be caused by any of the organisms that cause lower urinary tract infection (E. coli, klebsiella, etc.)
Conditions such as pregnancy, diabetes, cancer, kidney stones, and abnormalities of the urinary tract can lower your ability to fight off the bacteria that cause kidney infections. Foley catheters (tubes inserted through the urethra to drain the bladder) can also lead to infection if left in place for extended periods. Women sometimes contract kidney infections when bacteria get into the urinary tract following sex.
Some kidney infections develop without a bladder infection. This is sometimes due to a problem in the kidney. For example, you are more prone to kidney infections if you have a kidney stone or an abnormality of a kidney.
Bacteria in the urine don’t always signify an infection. Some people, especially older adults, may have bacteria in the bladder that don’t cause any signs or symptoms or harm, and therefore doesn’t require treatment. This condition is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria.
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Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a specific type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels up into your kidneys. If not treated properly, kidney infection can permanently damage your kidneys or spread to your bloodstream and cause a life-threatening infection. Prompt medical attention is required.
The kidneys are an important component of the urinary system. These organs process blood; filter out waste; and flush out waste as urine, which travels to the bladder through tubes called ureters and is eliminated from the body through the urethra. The kidneys also keep certain chemicals balanced and produce hormones that help maintain blood pressure, red blood cell count, and healthy bones.
Chronic glomerulonephritis is a slowly progressive disease characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli, which results in sclerosis, scarring and, eventually, renal failure. This disorder usually develops insidiously and without symptoms, often over many years.
Causes of kidney infection
The pain caused by kidney stones occurs when a stone becomes lodged in the ureter, the slender tube that connects the kidney with the bladder. Urine flow is then blocked, which causes urine to back up into the kidney. The kidney then swells and enlarges, stretching the pain-sensitive capsule, or thin covering around it.
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of one or both kidneys with variable manifestations. It may be acute, relapsing or chronic. The complications of this disorder are hypertension, chronic infection, renal insufficiency and renal failure. The course is extremely variable but typically the chronic disease progresses extremely slowly, with patients having adequate renal function for more than 20 years after onset.
Kidney infection typically occurs when bacteria enter your urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply. Bacteria from an infection elsewhere in your body also can spread through your bloodstream to your kidneys. Kidney infection is unusual through this route, but it can occur in some circumstances — for instance, when a foreign body, such as an artificial joint or heart valve, gets infected. Rarely, kidney infection results after kidney surgery.
Most kidney infections develop as a complication from cystitis (bladder infection). Bacteria causing cystitis sometimes travel up to infect a kidney. The bacteria are usually those which live in your bowel. They sometimes travel from the anus, up the urethra into the bladder, and cause infection. (Note: cystitis is common, and most people with cystitis do not develop a kidney infection.)
Strep infection is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis. Pyelonephritis can be caused by any of the organisms that cause lower urinary tract infection (E. coli, klebsiella, etc.)
Conditions such as pregnancy, diabetes, cancer, kidney stones, and abnormalities of the urinary tract can lower your ability to fight off the bacteria that cause kidney infections. Foley catheters (tubes inserted through the urethra to drain the bladder) can also lead to infection if left in place for extended periods. Women sometimes contract kidney infections when bacteria get into the urinary tract following sex.
Some kidney infections develop without a bladder infection. This is sometimes due to a problem in the kidney. For example, you are more prone to kidney infections if you have a kidney stone or an abnormality of a kidney.
Bacteria in the urine don’t always signify an infection. Some people, especially older adults, may have bacteria in the bladder that don’t cause any signs or symptoms or harm, and therefore doesn’t require treatment. This condition is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria.
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Tags: Red Blood Cell Count, Renal Failure
Staph Infections -causes, Symptoms, Treatment
james sameul asked:
Treatment of Staph Infection
Staphylococcus is group of bacteria, familiarly known as Staph (pronounced “staff”), that can cause a multitude of diseases as a result of infection of various tissues of the body. Staph bacteria can cause illness not only directly by infection (such as in the skin), but also indirectly by producing toxins responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.
These staph infections range from a simple boil to antibiotic-resistant infections to flesh-eating infections. The difference between all these is how deep and how fast the infection spreads, and how treatable it is with antibiotics. The antibiotic-resistant infections are more common in North America, because of our overuse of antibiotics.
Signs and symptoms
Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites. These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining.
Symptoms and signs of acute glomerulonephritis are often vague and ill-defined. On the other hand, symptoms associated with pyelonephritis are often acute with fever, chills, back ache, and nausea.Fur uncles (boils) and carbuncles, white-headed pimples around hair follicles.
Blistering and peeling skin, in infants and young children.
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin.
Causes of Staph Infection
Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections are ones that occur in otherwise healthy people who have not recently been in the hospital. The infections have occurred among athletes who share equipment or personal items (such as towels or razors) and children in daycare facilities.
A carbuncle is made up of several skin boils ( fur uncles ). The infected mass is filled with fluid, pus, and dead tissue. Fluid may drain out of the carbuncle, but sometimes the mass is so deep that it cannot drain on its own.
Treatments for Staph Infections
ntistaphylococcal antibiotics are the usual treatments for staph infections. This may include a topical antibiotic cream (Bactroban, Altabax, etc.) for simple impetigo, warm compresses and drainage for abscesses, an oral antibiotic, or an intravenous antibiotic for more serious or persistent infections.
Scalded skin syndrome (Ritter disease): As with any S aureus toxin–mediated disease, treatment should aim to eradicate the focus of infection and end toxin production. Administer large doses of intravenous antistaphylococcal agents, such as oxacillin (150 mg/kg/d), or a first-generation cephalosporin, such as cefazolin (100 mg/kg/d). For those with infected wounds – special honey, silver bandages, garlic preparations and tea tree oil are all believed to be effective in killing MRSA in a wound. Many who have the skin infections common with CA MRSA simply need incision and drainage of the infected area and good hygiene while it heals. Antibiotics are not always needed.
S. aureus bacteria are common in the environment. People whose immune systems have been weakened by disease or certain medical treatments, including surgery or receiving intravenous catheters, are at greater risk of infection. Vancomycin is one of the few antibiotics that are effective against hospital strains of staph infection, although some staph bacteria have developed a resistance to this treatment as well.
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Treatment of Staph Infection
Staphylococcus is group of bacteria, familiarly known as Staph (pronounced “staff”), that can cause a multitude of diseases as a result of infection of various tissues of the body. Staph bacteria can cause illness not only directly by infection (such as in the skin), but also indirectly by producing toxins responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome.
These staph infections range from a simple boil to antibiotic-resistant infections to flesh-eating infections. The difference between all these is how deep and how fast the infection spreads, and how treatable it is with antibiotics. The antibiotic-resistant infections are more common in North America, because of our overuse of antibiotics.
Signs and symptoms
Staph skin infections, including MRSA, generally start as small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bites. These can quickly turn into deep, painful abscesses that require surgical draining.
Symptoms and signs of acute glomerulonephritis are often vague and ill-defined. On the other hand, symptoms associated with pyelonephritis are often acute with fever, chills, back ache, and nausea.Fur uncles (boils) and carbuncles, white-headed pimples around hair follicles.
Blistering and peeling skin, in infants and young children.
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits or groin.
Causes of Staph Infection
Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) infections are ones that occur in otherwise healthy people who have not recently been in the hospital. The infections have occurred among athletes who share equipment or personal items (such as towels or razors) and children in daycare facilities.
A carbuncle is made up of several skin boils ( fur uncles ). The infected mass is filled with fluid, pus, and dead tissue. Fluid may drain out of the carbuncle, but sometimes the mass is so deep that it cannot drain on its own.
Treatments for Staph Infections
ntistaphylococcal antibiotics are the usual treatments for staph infections. This may include a topical antibiotic cream (Bactroban, Altabax, etc.) for simple impetigo, warm compresses and drainage for abscesses, an oral antibiotic, or an intravenous antibiotic for more serious or persistent infections.
Scalded skin syndrome (Ritter disease): As with any S aureus toxin–mediated disease, treatment should aim to eradicate the focus of infection and end toxin production. Administer large doses of intravenous antistaphylococcal agents, such as oxacillin (150 mg/kg/d), or a first-generation cephalosporin, such as cefazolin (100 mg/kg/d). For those with infected wounds – special honey, silver bandages, garlic preparations and tea tree oil are all believed to be effective in killing MRSA in a wound. Many who have the skin infections common with CA MRSA simply need incision and drainage of the infected area and good hygiene while it heals. Antibiotics are not always needed.
S. aureus bacteria are common in the environment. People whose immune systems have been weakened by disease or certain medical treatments, including surgery or receiving intravenous catheters, are at greater risk of infection. Vancomycin is one of the few antibiotics that are effective against hospital strains of staph infection, although some staph bacteria have developed a resistance to this treatment as well.
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