Dr John asked:


Medically, a sore throat is termed pharyngitis. The pain associated with a throat that has become sore is due to the pharynx becoming inflamed. Associated and related conditions to a sore throat include tonsillitis and oral thrush. An infection is the significant source in an individual suffering from a sore throat. Of these infections associated with a sore throat, ninety percent are viral, and, in the ten percent instances, it is brought about by a bacterial infection. Other propagating issues toward the development of a sore throat can be traced to chemical substances or pollutants. Due to the discomfort, complications and inconvenience, many individuals seek out home remedies for sore throat.

The most common causes that lead to an individual developing a sore throat or cold centers is upon its origin that focuses on the pharynx of the throat. Bacteria and viruses tend to establish and foster their respective ill-effects in the pharynx. Such contractions of these invading germs by individuals are conceived through inhaling either dust particles or water vapors that contain such affected microorganisms. Other modes of individuals contracting microorganisms can occur through an individual touching their mouth or nose following hand contact of an object touched with another individual who possesses such infectious germs. Once the invader, foreign to the body, contacts the tissues of the body, and establishes its presence, reproduction of the infected microorganisms engages. Therefore, at the notable onset of discomfort, individuals sensing their respective throats becoming sore are in search of home remedies for sore throat.

Characteristics in the two types of sore throats – bacterial and viral – are different in their respective effects. Such determination as to which type of an infection to the throat, can aid the ailing in determining the best home remedies for sore throat. Consider the following varieties of bacterial based sore throats upon a choice for the most suitable home remedies for sore throat. Streptococcus is among the more common bacteria, and presents a wide scope of broad ailments, with greater options to determine upon selecting home remedies for sore throat treatment. Ailments can include enlarged and sensitive lymph glands; reddened, inflamed and swollen throat, elevated temperature, headache, and muscle and joint aches. On the other hand, so to express, sore throats that are viral in origin, have their respective host of alternatives for the afflicted in choosing the best home remedies for sore throat. Of those sore throats that are viral, in manner, adenovirus ranks at the top, and posses a minimum increase in size to the lymph nodes, while the affected individual will not present any redness in the throat, though extreme pain is experienced. Another of the viral type sore throats is orthomyxoviridae that induces a paced and extremely elevated temperature, along with general soreness in the throat, plus head and body aches, requiring another assessment by the infected individual in locating the right home remedies for sore throat. Then, associated with virally spurned sore throats is the common cold, which engages the ailing individual into another alternative choice in the best possible home remedies for sore throat.

Three forms of action can define where home remedies for sore throat courses of treatment are concerned – prevention, remedy and symptom. Home remedies for sore throat of a remedial degree involves curing the infection, along with eliminating any spreading of such germs involved, as well as accelerating the recovery stage. Where symptomatic issues are the prime issue, the home remedies for sore throat is in the reduction of pain and symptoms in themselves. Home remedies for sore throat, in the preventative mode of treatment is in the individual maintaining care methods in the blocking of any infections – bacterial or viral.

Home remedies for sore throat, that are natural, include honey, based upon the antiseptic elements inclusive of its contents; lemon, raw, in the amount of two teaspoons, at several intervals throughout the day, as it will aid in the destruction of microorganisms that are present within a bacteria infected throat; lime juice, also in the amount of two teaspoons, at several intervals throughout the day, as it will aid in the destruction of microorganisms that are present within a bacteria infected throat.



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peterhutch asked:


The ear works by receiving sound waves and sending messages to the brain. The outer ear includes the part of the ear you can see and the ear canal. The sound waves go through the ear canal and hit the eardrum and cause it to vibrate.

Ear infections are common in young children resulting in millions of office visits and antibiotic prescriptions annually. Acute otitis media (AOM) includes intense signs and symptoms of infection and inflammation and is the most common bacterial illness in children for which antibacterial agents are prescribed in the United States. Otitis media with effusion (OME) is even more common.

An ear infection means that the middle ear is infected. The middle ear is the eardrum and the small space behind the eardrum. An ear infection is sometimes called ‘acute otitis media’. A separate leaflet deals with infection of the ear canal (otitis externa).

Earaches are a common occurrence in our lives, especially with our children. Learn what causes them and how you can avoid them in the future.

Earaches can be anything from slightly painful to extremely painful and are usually brought on by a fluid buildup (sometimes resulting from an infection), or a buildup of pressure in the middle ear. A highly common cause of the earache is due to plugged ‘Eustachian’ tubes (the tube that comes from the back of your throat and connects to your middle ear). If and when your Eustachian tube becomes blocked, fluid will gather resulting in a painful earache, bringing with it the possibility of bacteria buildup or infection.

Ear pain can occur due to allergy, filling of wax in the ear, chillness, entry of any foreign body in the ear or infection in the Eustachian tube which connects ear, nose and throat.

Ear infections are the most common illnesses in babies and young children. Most often, the infection affects the middle ear and is called otitis media. The tubes inside the ears become clogged with fluid and mucus. This can affect hearing, because sound cannot get through all that fluid.

If a person has severe or persistent pain and fever, and the eardrum is bulging, a doctor may perform a myringotomy, in which an opening is made through the eardrum to allow fluid to drain from the middle ear.

The most common cause for temporary hearing loss is the fluid in the middle ear space associated with ear infections. On average, fluid lingers for 3 weeks following an ear infection, but it can remain for months.

The ear is responsible for hearing and balance and is made up of three parts – the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear. Hearing begins when sound waves that travel through the air reach the outer ear, or pinna, which is the part of the ear you can see. The sound waves then travel from the pinna through the ear canal to the middle ear, which includes the eardrum (a thin layer of tissue) and three tiny bones called ossicles. When the eardrum vibrates, the ossicles amplify these vibrations and carry them to the inner ear.



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Matthew Homfray asked:


Ear infections can be extremely uncomfortable for dogs. Many, if not most dogs will suffer from an ear infection at some point in their lives. The majority of these will clear up with some basic veterinary treatment such as an antibacterial ointment, but a proportion will not clear up properly or will seem to clear up and then later recur.

The dogs ear is composed of 3 different parts; inner, middle and outer. The ear drum separates the middle ear from the outer ear. Problems with the inner and middle ear often present with neurological signs such as a loss of balance, circling or a head tilt. In this article we focus on the more common problems associated with the external ear, known as otitis externa.

What makes some dogs more susceptible to ear infections than others?

1. Breed. Ear infections may occur in any breed, but Cocker Spaniels, Shar Peis, Poodles and other floppy eared dogs are the most susceptible. Cocker Spaniels are predisposed to ear infections because they have more secretory glands than other breeds. Sharpeis are predisposed because of the conformation of their ear canal. Poodles are more prone to ear infections because of excessive hair in the ear canal, trapping moisture.

2. Allergies. Many pets with multiple allergies will sometimes have flare ups of eyes, ears and skin at the same time. 25% of food allergic dogs have ear disease as their only symptom.

3. Ear shape. Pets with floppy ears are more prone to ear infections because the air does not dry the ears naturally, as it does for pets with erect ears.

4. Hair. Hair in the ear canals can keep the moisture trapped in the ear canal, which leads to infections. Hair in the ear canals should be removed regularly by your pets groomer or veterinarian.

5. Swimming. Dogs that spend time in water, such as Labrador Retrievers, are more susceptible to ear infections as microorganisms love moist environments.

How can I tell if my dog has an ear infection?

Most ear infections are obvious as there is a pungent odor and waxy discharge in the affected ear. However, sometimes an ear will look perfectly normal from the outside but will be intensely itchy for the dog. Either way, it is best to have a vet examine in the ear to ensure that there are no foreign bodies such as a grass seed stuck in the ear canal. Common signs of an ear infection are:

1. Scratching at the affected ear.

2. Head shaking.

3. Rubbing the affected ear along the floor or against a vertical object such as the sofa.

4. Reddening of the inside of the ear flap and the ear canals.

5. Discharge from the ear canals. This can vary from brown wax to pus.

6. A pungent smell coming from the ear region.

7. Tenderness or irritability when the ear is touched.

My dog has an ear infection, is there any way I can treat it at home without going to the vets?

You are taking a risk if you do not seek veterinary help. Many ear infections are easy to nip in the bud with antibiotic ointment if caught early, but if left to develop can be stubborn to treat. Bear in mind also that if there is something like a grass seed in the ear canal, nothing you can do will provide relief for this, it would need removing under sedation or full general anesthetic. Your vet can look into the canal with an otoscope to visualize the problem and check that the ear drum has nor perforated, and dispense medication that you cannot buy anywhere other than from a vet or with a prescription from a vet. Your vet will also be able to identify any underlying or predisposing factor which can be eradicated, such as allergies, by conducting a full physical examination.

Having said all that, very mild infections can sometimes be cured with home treatment. Firstly, remove any clumps of hair growing in the ear canal by plucking them. This looks painful but actually, there are no nerve endings around the follicles of these hairs so it is not painful to the dog. This will ventilate the ear much better and make it a less attractive environment for bacteria to multiply in. Then, squirt some dog ear cleaner into the canal. Remember that the opening to the ear canal is the furthest hole to the outside. If you do not have any dog ear cleaner then use olive oil as this too will help loosen any wax. Having put some cleaner or olive oil into the canal, massage the ear and pinch the canal until you hear a squelching noise. This means the liquid is being spread around the entire canal, dislodging as much debris as possible. Then, take a ball of dry cotton wool and wipe the opening to the ear canal and inside of the ear flap, in a twisting motion.

The above paragraph describes how to clean your dogs ears effectively. This procedure should be done on a regular basis (e.g. monthly) regardless of whether your dog suffers from ear infections or not; it is a sensible measure to prevent ear infections occurring.

Giving the ears a really thorough clean in this way may in some cases be sufficient to cure a mild ear infection, but if a colony of bacteria or yeast have taken residence in your pets ear canal, you will need treatment to eradicate them. As mentioned before, this is best obtained through your local vet, who will provide you with an antibacterial, antifungal and/or antiparasitic ointment to cover all possible infectious causes. If you are determined to attempt home treatment, then mix 1 part white vinegar with 10 parts cooled boiled water, and flush the ear with a syringe. This needs to be done daily for about 2 weeks, then weekly for about a month. It can only be done on a clean ear as otherwise the wax acts as a shield for the bacteria. The logic behind this treatment is that you are acidifying the ear canal, making the pH unfavorable for bacterial growth.

A minority of ear infections are incredibly difficult to eradicate. Owners and vets often become increasingly frustrated when ear infections do not respond to treatment or keep recurring, with owners questioning the vets treatment protocol and vets wondering whether the owner has been giving the treatment properly. The truth is that some ear infections need radical and aggressive treatment to cure them, such as surgery to remove part of or all of the ear canal or weekly flushing out the ear under general anesthetic. The fact that some dogs are euthanased because of their ear problem means ear infections must be taken seriously by both owner and vet.



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JT Miller asked:


If you’re unhappy with your nose you can take heart in the fact that getting a nose job, or having a rhinoplasty procedure, is one of the most common and most complication-free forms of cosmetic surgery you can elect to have. In 2007 alone the American Society of Plastic Surgeons reports that there were approximately 285,000 people who had their nose reshaped either for cosmetic or health reasons.

Because the nose is such a prominent and always visual part of the body no one wants to have scarring or deal with breathing complications due to swelling. If you’re consider any sort of nose reshaping or rhinoplasty then you should be aware that there are actually two different types of rhinoplasty procedures which are generally performed.

Closed Nose Rhinoplasty – This is the least invasive type of nost job and it involves your plastic surgeon making an incision on the inside of your nose and working entirely beneath the skin of your nose with limited visual access. Not all nose reshaping procedures can be done this way due to the limits of what can be seen. Recovery is quick and generally easy, though there will still be some initial discomfort.

Open Nose Rhinoplasty – This type of rhinoplasty involves removing the nose of the skin and allowing the plastic surgeon to have full access to the underlying cartilage and tissue of the nose. There is a small incision made across the columella (between the nostrils) to perform this procedure and some scarring can occur. The open nose rhinoplasty procredure allows for greater shaping of the nose and gives the surgeon the most access. This can be a fairly complex procedure though some surgeons prefer it because of the results it can yield. There is a little more discomfort and recovery time is a little bit longer with open nose rhinoplasty, but again, the results may be worth it.

With either the open nose or closed nose rhinoplasty procedures there will be consideral discomfort and recovery times, though serious complications rarely occur. The most common types of discomfort are swelling and bruising, moderate pain, nasal discomfort and trouble breathing while recovering. In some cases you may also experience numbness, though that often goes away with time.

Pain medication is often given and people who undergo any sort of nasal surgey are generally advised to sleep in an upright position for several days to several weeks.

The choice of what type of procedure you will have will be depend upon the type of changes you wish to have made to your nose and the preferences of your surgeon.



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dwaser asked:


Many dog owners don’t know if a dry nose is a good or a bad thing for a dog to have. A dry nose may be a sign of possible health concerns. By recognizing dog symptoms for a dry nose, you will be in a better position to help your vet figure out what is wrong with your dog. 

It’s totally normal for dogs to have a dry nose or moist nose from time to time. Temperature can affect your dog’s nose. If, however, your dog’s nose does not look healthy, you may be on to something. Keep an eye out for some of the following dry nose symptoms for dogs:

Does your dog have cracking or flaking skin? Can you see flaky pieces of skin on his nose? Is your dog constantly touching his nose with his paws? Does he seem irritated and is he constantly trying to scratch his nose? Can you see pink spots on your dog’s nose? It could be a sign of skin cancer. Dogs can get skin cancer on their nose or other body parts that are not protected by a layer of fur. The fur offers protection from UV rays in a similar fashion to what clothes do for humans.

But perhaps the plastic bowl you use to feed your dog is the reason behind your dog’s dry nose… Plastic can sometimes lead to irritation because of the chemicals causing an allergic reaction. Your dog’s nose becomes irritated and your dog wants to scratch it.

How do you know what causes your dog’s dry nose condition? It’s best to take your dog to your local vet and let him or her determine what the problem is. Your veterinarian will probably ask you if you’ve noticed anything abnormal about his dry nose symptoms and ask you to record this information on a chart. Always keep detailed notes about your observations as you can really help your vet determine what’s wrong with your dog and allow him to get the relief he wants for his dry nose condition.

In some cases, veterinarians may need to perform a biopsy on your dog’s nose in order to find the cause. Several disorders can display similar symptoms, so you’re better off requesting advice from your vet as opposed to friends.

Your veterinarian could also recommend that you see a veterinary dermatologist. These professionals specialize in skin disorders for cats and dogs and they can be of great help in diagnosing your dog.

Don’t freak out as soon as you see your dog getting a dry nose because the cure could simply be a change to his diet. Although we do our best for our beloved four-legged friends, we sometimes feed them food that is harmful to them. Go ahead and take a look at the ingredients in your dog’s food. Can you see wheat or animal by-products in the list?  These animal by-products are animal remains that can’t be turned into human food because of strict regulations. Regulations for animal food are a lot less stringent.

Animal food manufacturers can get away with putting a lot of harmful substances into dog food. Try to find a reliable manufacturer of healthy dry dog food. You can normally find such food in a natural or holistic pet store. These specialty pet stores do not normally sell anything that could harm your pets.



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