Bishal Boro asked:




The nerve of the human body is an enclosed wire like or cables bundle of nerve or axons fiber which includes glia that ensheath the nerve fiber in the myelin. The Nerve cells are sometimes called as the neurons, though this term is severely imprecise as most of the neurons do not emerge as nerves. The Nerves are the part of peripheral nervous system. The Afferent nerves send out sensory signals up to the innermost nervous system, as for e.g. from the skin and organs, as efferent nerves ways signals by the central nervous system up to the muscles and the glands. Efferent fibers and afferent are prearranged together to form diverse nerves.

Numerous nerves are associated to the middle nervous system all the way through the spinal cord. The cranial nerves, though, attach directly to element of the spinal nerves and brains are specified letter-number amalgamation according to the vertebra by that they attach to the spinal column. Most of the nerves and the branches of nerves have all the vivid names. In the central nervous system, bundle of axons are term area rather than nerves. The in tube transports liquid from the nerve cell body which helps to nourish and replenish the constantly changing mechanism that make up the green membrane. When the nerve gets “pinched” the flow of the liquid are reduced or occasionally blocked and nutrients stop flowing through the body. Eventually, due to the pinched nerve the membrane establish to decrease its healthy capability to transmit the electrical charge and thus, nerve fiber might eventually die, if enough fibers end up working, skin might feel deadness and the muscle may not contract freely. A pinched nerve might form when it leaves the spine by a bone spurs or by herniated disc that forms from the spinal arthritis. One more common position to get pinched nerve is the carpal tunnel. It is a bottle-neck region in the wrist by which all the Median Nerve and the finger flexor tendons must pass to obtain to the hand. The Pinched nerve can be treated with medication, cortisone injection, physical therapy and surgery. There is mother form of nerve that is the sciatic nerve; it is the huge nerves which run down the inferior limb. The Sciatic nerve is the greatest solitary nerve in the whole human body. Sciatic nerve arises from the lower division of the sacral plexus; the sciatic nerve enters onto the gluteal area throughout the larger sciatic foramen of the hip bone. The Sciatic nerve supplies approximately the entire of the skin of the leg, the thigh muscles of the back and those of foot and leg.



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Bill Quinn asked:




Most of us take for granted the fact that we breathe.  It is only when we have difficulty breathing that we appreciate just how vital it is.  Not only is it vital to life, but how we breathe influences how well we perform in everyday situations.

Take for example people attending job interviews.  There is likely to be more competition now the economic slowdown has started to bite. Few people realise that when we are under pressure, or nervous, our bodies produce chemicals which adversely affect our performance.  It is difficult to control these chemicals; however correct breathing can quickly disperse their effect.

Let’s take a look at interview nerves.  Symptoms such as cold hands, or clammy hands, feeling shaky, a trembling voice, or an inability to think clearly are all manifestations of our “fight or flight” response.  Our body’s have a life preservation mechanism which tens of thousands of years ago helped to keep us alive.  Today the same response produces adrenalin which, once in the brain, gives us a signal to stop thinking and to act; to either run away, or fight.

At the same time, our breathing becomes shallower and energy is directed to our vital organs.  These physical changes prevent us from performing well during a job interview.

The way to manage this is to practice deep breathing.  Breathing deeply allows the body to take in more oxygen, which flushes away the adrenalin and “clears the mind”.  Nervous symptoms will quickly reduce and we can engage with the interviewer, rather than be paralysed by them.

So, when you are faced with an interview, or other stressful situation, practice deep breathing.  When you breathe deeply your abdomen will swell and stick out as you inhale, and retract when you exhale.  While waiting for an interview you can breathe deeply, say in for 5 seconds then out for 5 seconds.  As you enter the interview room, continue to breathe deeply.

Practice at home regularly and you will feel more alive and awake.



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Adam Katz asked:




Dear Mr. Katz:

I recently purchased your book, “Secrets of a Professional Dog Trainer!” and have tried very hard to curb my dog Honey’s aggressions, which I have now recognized as both fear and food aggression… after reading your book.

But instead of better, I fear it is getting worse.

We adopted her from the age of 2-3 months, and she was fine in the beginning. Very loving and extremely hyperactive. The hyperactivity continues, and she still jumps up at anyone coming near the house. She seems to fear tall men, especially if they have anything in their hands, like a garden rake or spade, and she backs away from strangers, even small children. She is afraid. She gets aggressive with anyone she senses is afraid of dogs, and she has gone for them, making it worse for them, of course! She becomes aggressive with anyone who passes her by when any food is around, and she will growl and snarl at them, telling them in effect that the food is hers, so hands off!

To crown it all off, she snarled and growled at me today when I went up to stroke her, which she has not done before. I have always tried to correct her, either by the leash, or we have a muzzle which we correct her with, and failing that, I will put her in her crate as a punishment. I am not a novice with a dog. Before Honey, we had the most wonderful shepherd/husky dog, who was similarly abandoned, and I never had one problem with him – he was wonderful. I have taken honey to obedience classes – She does sit and stay, also goes down when she is instructed to.

I feel that I have done everything possible to alleviate her aggression, but it doesn’t seem to work. I have two daughters who both pour love on her too, and quite frankly, I am afraid one day that she will become vicious – Can you please give me some advice, because I do not want to have to have her put down.

I have tried everything you recommend in your book, including spitting in her food, and making her wait to eat last. But I must be doing something wrong! I know mixed breeds aren’t your favorite, but please make an exception in my case. I love dogs, and hate to be beaten. I am also English, and you must know that we are softies when it comes to animals!

I await your reply in haste!

Sincerely,

Diana

Dear Diana,

First, let me point out that I share my home with a mixed breed.

And yes… I like him. A whole lot! His name is Forbes and he is one of the most compatible dogs I’ve ever had the pleasure of sharing my life with.

To be honest, I have a feeling that your dog’s issues are very much a result of poor genetics and weak nerves.

But before jumping to any conclusions, you must first recognize that all of the information you’ve droned on about provides me with NONE of the information I need in order to help you.

So… what do I need? I need to know what happens when you correct the dog? Does she continue to act aggressive? Does she stop immediately? Does she try to bite you? Does she go submissive? And once you get her to pay attention to you, what’s happened once you’ve started to create new/positive associations with the stimulus, as described in the book?

These are all of the questions you need to be asking yourself. As well as:

- Is my timing on the money? Is the dog associating my corrections with the behavior (the aggression).

- Am I being consistent? (Be honest… if the dog isn’t getting a firm correction EVERY TIME she exhibits the behavior, then it’s no wonder that you’re not getting the results you seek.)

- Are my corrections motivational? If the distraction/stimulus is more motivational than your correction, then you’ll never get any results. You’ll know that your correction is motivational when the dog stops looking at the stimulus and starts looking at you.

Please let me know. However, judging on what you’ve described I would not be surprised if this is mostly the results of poor genetics and weak nerves. And in which case, you will never be able to overcome the dog’s genetics, so the dog should either be put to sleep or confined to such a lifestyle that she only comes in contact with you and people that she does not show the aggression towards. But before you make any snap decisions I would recommend consulting with a professional who can evaluate the dog for you. It’s impossible to give an accurate assessment without seeing the mutt. Err… dog.

That’s all for now, folks!

Adam



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peterhutch asked:




 

Peripheral nerves are a collection of nerve fibers that originate from many different kinds of neurons. Motor fibers originate from motor neurons that are located in the spinal cord. Sensory axons originate from neurons that are located outside the spinal cord in large clusters called ganglia. The ganglia that contain the sensory neurons for the leg are located in the low back region (called the lumbar and sacral levels); those for the arm are located in the neck (called the cervical region). Each of these ganglia contains many thousands of sensory neurons.

Peripheral neuropathy affects men and women equally. Older adults (those 55 to 60 or over) are most likely to develop peripheral neuropathy. However, a mononeuropathy such as carpal tunnel syndrome may affect younger adults who use computers extensively, or who work in situations requiring repetitive motions. Some inherited conditions that cause nerve damage can strike during childhood.

The Facts on Neuropathy

Neuropathy, also called peripheral neuropathy, refers to damage to the peripheral nerves - nerves that carry information between the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. Peripheral neuropathy may be caused by a number of different medical conditions, such as diabetes and cancer. It can interfere with the senses, with movement, or with the function of internal organs. Damage to one nerve is called mononeuropathy, while damage to many nerves all at once is called polyneuropathy.

The Three Types of Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is defined by the type of nerve that is damaged. Sensory neuropathy affects nerves which sense pain, touch, temperature, etc. Motor neuropathy affects the nerves which control voluntary muscle movements, such as the flexing and extending of the arms and legs. Autonomic neuropathy affects involuntary bodily functions such as breathing, digestion, blood pressure, and other organ functions. Peripheral neuropathy can be broken down further into single area disturbance (mononeuropathy) or multi-area disturbances (polyneuropathy.)

The goal of treatment for patients with diabetic neuropathy is to alleviate symptoms and prevent progression of neuropathy. The treatment options for patients with diabetic neuropathy are similar to patients with nondiabetic peripheral neuropathy as discussed above. As is the case for peripheral neuropathy in general, treatment of diabetic neuropathy is primarily focused on controlling and reducing the severity of the symptoms.

To treat peripheral neuropathy, it might be necessary to control the cause. If a person has an illness such as diabetes or MS, the goal is to regulate that illness to minimize the nerve damage. If a nerve is being compressed (carpal tunnel syndrome), a person might need to change his posture or routine in order to relieve the stress placed on those nerves. Occasionally, surgery is performed to correct a case of nerve compression. Vitamin deficiencies can be treated with oral vitamins or a better diet. If a person is having a reaction to a medication, then that med might be discontinued.

Antidepressants. Tricyclic antidepressant medications, such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline (Pamelor), were originally developed to treat depression. However, they have been found to help relieve pain by interfering with chemical processes in your brain and spinal cord that cause you to feel pain. The selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor duloxetine (Cymbalta) also has proved effective for peripheral neuropathy caused by diabetes.



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Jonathan Blood-smyth asked:




It is a common scenario played out in every city and town in the land on Friday and Saturday nights. After getting showered, aftershaved and dressed up the young guy goes out to meet his mates in a pub he typically frequents. He starts the drinking which will continue for the next five or six hours at least as he has a few pints with his friends and then follows them into the nightclub until early in the morning. Leaving there they are all hungry so they go round to the take-away and have a kebab, heading to the one of their houses to watch a film, plus a few more drinks.

It’s all pretty much going as expected so far. He won’t be surprised when he wakes up with a hangover tomorrow, but what he doesn’t realise is the effect his next actions are going to have. Sitting in the chair he hangs his arm over the back of the chair as he watches the television, but the late hour and the alcohol mean he falls asleep like that too. He wakes up several or many hours later in the same position, with his arm over the back of the chair, only to find he cannot move it and it feels odd, a bit like waking up with a dead arm at night.

But what he has not realised is that he was drunk and that makes all the difference. If he was sober he would have woken up when his arm became uncomfortable and moved himself to a better position. What has happened is that a much greater pressure has been applied for a much longer time than usual to the tissues in his armpit. He starts to get worried when the arm does not recover quickly like he expected but remains semi-paralysed, numb and yet uncomfortable to some degree.

Reacting to stimuli is what nervous tissues are designed to do but they can react in negative fashion if the applied stimulus is too large or lasts too long. Pressure applied for a long period or a direct blow to an area can both cause nerve trauma, with honeymooners’ palsy being the term for nerve damage caused by one partner using the other’s arm as a pillow during sleep. Longer term nerve pressure can disrupt the blood supply to the nerve and compromise the function of the nerve, a condition called neurapraxia.

Nerve damage is classified into three categories: axonotmesis, neurotmesis and neurapraxia. Neurapraxia is the mildest variety of nerve trauma and there is internal biochemical damage to the nerve but no break in the internal axon or the nerve itself. The nerve being intact, it does not need to regenerate but recover. Nerve impulse conduction is disrupted by the area of nerve trauma and gives paralysis of the muscle with some difference in feeling. Compression may cause avascular damage to the nerve, resulting in inflammatory changes.

The paralysis which leads to loss of function of the arm is temporary and can resolve in hours. However, in even average cases it can be six to eight weeks before the slow improvement occurs and normal strength returns to the arm. There is mostly a greater interruption of muscle power with feeling and sweating/circulation control of the arm less affected. As this can be serious the person should be examined by a doctor, for although there may be little to be done but wait, the sufferer needs to have the problem explained and be instructed how to look after their arm until it recovers.

Since the arm is paralysed to a greater or lesser degree a sling may be needed for shoulder support and to keep the arm out of the way. If there is loss of feeling the person needs to check carefully what they are doing with the arm and examine it regularly for signs of damage. Vigilance is important as the arm can be damaged without being aware of it. Nerve trauma like this can also occur in sporting activities or long term pressure events such as falling asleep on a toilet.



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